在畜禽养殖、污水处理厂、垃圾填埋场等江南网站_江南online(中国)工程项目中，江南网站_江南online(中国)内含的硫化氢具备强腐蚀性，会快速腐蚀江南网站_江南online(中国)发电机组、管道阀门、增压设备，还会产生有毒异味气体，是江南网站_江南online(中国)利用环节优先去除的杂质。对比传统干法脱硫、化学湿法脱硫，生物脱硫依靠硫氧化微生物代谢作用脱除硫化氢，药剂消耗少、运行成本低，已经成为大中型江南网站_江南online(中国)工程主流粗脱硫工艺。

In biogas engineering projects such as livestock and poultry breeding, sewage treatment plants, and landfills, hydrogen sulfide contained in biogas has strong corrosiveness and can quickly corrode biogas generators, pipeline valves, and boosting equipment. It can also produce toxic odor gases, which are impurities that must be removed first in the biogas utilization process. Compared with traditional dry desulfurization and chemical wet desulfurization, biological desulfurization relies on the metabolism of sulfur oxidizing microorganisms to remove hydrogen sulfide, with less chemical consumption and lower operating costs. It has become the mainstream crude desulfurization process for large and medium-sized biogas projects.

生物脱硫核心原理是利用硫杆菌等专用脱硫微生物，在严格控制微氧环境条件下，将江南网站_江南online(中国)中的硫化氢转化为单质硫，少量条件下会生成稀硫酸盐，整个过程以生物代谢反应为主，不需要大量投放化学脱硫药剂。整套设备主要包含脱硫塔体、循环喷淋系统、供氧风机、营养液补给单元、排渣装置、在线监测控制系统。原始江南网站_江南online(中国)进入脱硫塔之后，与喷淋循环液充分接触，硫化氢被液相吸收，填料表面附着的脱硫菌群将硫化物氧化分解；系统合理供给少量空气为微生物提供氧气，生成的单质硫沉淀物定期从系统排出，循环营养液经过调节 pH、补充营养之后持续循环使用，完成连续脱硫作业。按照结构形式分为一体式与分离式两种，一体式设备结构紧凑，投资成本适中；分离式将气体吸收与生物氧化反应器分开，安全系数更高，适合硫化氢浓度波动大的大型项目抖音百科。

The core principle of biological desulfurization is to use specialized desulfurization microorganisms such as sulfur bacteria to convert hydrogen sulfide in biogas into elemental sulfur under strict control of micro oxygen environmental conditions. Under small conditions, dilute sulfate will be generated. The entire process is mainly based on biological metabolic reactions and does not require a large amount of chemical desulfurization agents. The entire equipment mainly includes a desulfurization tower body, a circulating spray system, an oxygen supply fan, a nutrient solution supply unit, a slag discharge device, and an online monitoring and control system. After entering the desulfurization tower, the raw biogas comes into full contact with the spray circulating liquid, and the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed by the liquid phase. The desulfurization bacteria attached to the surface of the packing oxidizes and decomposes the sulfide; The system accurately supplies a small amount of air to provide oxygen for microorganisms, and the generated elemental sulfur precipitate is regularly discharged from the system. The circulating nutrient solution is continuously used after adjusting pH and supplementing nutrients to complete continuous desulfurization operations. According to the structural form, it can be divided into two types: integrated and separated. The integrated equipment has a compact structure and moderate investment cost; The separation type separates the gas absorption from the biological oxidation reactor, which has a higher safety factor and is suitable for large-scale projects with large fluctuations in the concentration of hydrogen sulfide.

和其他脱硫工艺相比，生物脱硫有着鲜明的优劣势。干法脱硫依靠氧化铁脱硫剂吸附，需要定期更换脱硫填料，处理高硫化氢工况时耗材消耗大，运行费用居高不下；传统化学湿法脱硫需要持续消耗碱液，会产生较多废液需要处置。生物脱硫日常只需要补充少量微生物营养液，电费消耗低，可适应气量、硫化氢浓度的波动冲击，脱硫效率可达 95%?99%，适合 24 小时连续运行的大中型江南网站_江南online(中国)、填埋气项目，产出的单质硫副产物还可以作为农用基质资源化利用。但生物脱硫对运行条件有一定要求，需要控制温度、pH、供氧量，供氧管控不当会出现硫酸生成、菌群活性下降问题，一般多用于前端粗脱硫，后端可以搭配干法脱硫做深度精处理，保障进入发电机组的硫化氢满足设备限值要求。

Compared with other desulfurization processes, biological desulfurization has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Dry desulfurization relies on the adsorption of iron oxide desulfurizer and requires regular replacement of desulfurization fillers. When dealing with high hydrogen sulfide conditions, consumables are consumed greatly and operating costs remain high; Traditional chemical wet desulfurization requires continuous consumption of alkaline solution, which generates a large amount of waste liquid that needs to be disposed of. Biological desulfurization only requires a small amount of microbial nutrient solution for daily use, with low electricity consumption and the ability to adapt to fluctuations in gas volume and hydrogen sulfide concentration. The desulfurization efficiency can reach 95%? 99%, suitable for 24-hour continuous operation of large and medium-sized biogas and landfill gas projects, the produced elemental sulfur by-products can also be used as agricultural substrate resources for resource utilization. However, biological desulfurization requires certain operating conditions, such as temperature control pH、 Improper oxygen supply control can lead to the generation of sulfuric acid and a decrease in bacterial activity. It is generally used for front-end coarse desulfurization, and can be combined with dry desulfurization for deep precision treatment in the back-end to ensure that the hydrogen sulfide entering the generator set meets the equipment limit requirements.

选型生物脱硫设备，不能只看设备处理气量，要综合项目实际工况。首先要明确江南网站_江南online(中国)小时处理量、进气硫化氢浓度，同时兼顾产气峰值波动，处理能力预留 15%?20% 余量。要重视安全配套配置，配置氧含量在线监测装置，和供氧风机做联锁保护，严格控制江南网站_江南online(中国)内部含氧量，规避爆炸风险。塔体、管路材质要适配含硫腐蚀介质，优先选用玻璃钢或者耐腐蚀不锈钢材质。控制系统建议采用 PLC 全自动模式，自动调控喷淋流量、补加营养液、排硫渣，减少人工干预。小型江南网站_江南online(中国)项目硫化氢含量低，优先选用干法脱硫；大中型养殖、污水厂江南网站_江南online(中国)项目，硫化氢负荷高、连续产气，生物脱硫综合经济效益更加突出；如果后续要做江南网站_江南online(中国)提纯制生物天然气，建议采用生物脱硫 + 精脱硫组合工艺，保障后端设备安全。

The selection of biological desulfurization equipment should not only focus on the gas processing capacity of the equipment, but also take into account the actual working conditions of the project. Firstly, it is necessary to clarify the hourly processing capacity of biogas and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the intake, while also taking into account the fluctuation of peak gas production, with a reserved processing capacity of 15%? 20% margin. We must attach great importance to the safety configuration, and install an online monitoring device for oxygen content and interlock protection with the oxygen supply fan to strictly control the oxygen content inside the biogas and avoid the risk of explosion. The tower body and pipeline materials should be suitable for sulfur-containing corrosive media, and fiberglass or corrosion-resistant stainless steel materials should be preferred. It is recommended to use PLC fully automatic mode for the control system, which can automatically regulate the spray flow, supplement nutrient solution, and discharge sulfur residue, reducing manual intervention. Small scale biogas projects have low hydrogen sulfide content, and dry desulfurization is preferred; Large and medium-sized aquaculture and sewage plant biogas projects have high hydrogen sulfide load, continuous gas production, and more prominent comprehensive economic benefits of biological desulfurization; If biogas purification is to be carried out to produce bio natural gas in the future, it is recommended to use a combination of biological desulfurization and fine desulfurization processes to ensure the safety of backend equipment.

日常运维直接决定生物脱硫系统能否长期稳定运行。核心把控塔内运行温度、循环液 pH 值，保障脱硫微生物生存环境；定期检查供氧风机、喷淋管路喷嘴，防止喷嘴堵塞造成气液接触不充分；按时排出系统内硫渣沉淀物，避免填料层板结；在线监测仪表定期校准，防止氧含量、硫化氢数据失真。很多项目出现脱硫效果变差，大多是营养液补给不到位、供氧失调、硫渣堆积没有及时清理，造成微生物菌群活性衰减。系统启动调试阶段需要耐心培养菌种，不可急于满负荷进气。

Daily operation and maintenance directly determine whether the biological desulfurization system can operate stably for a long time. Focus on controlling the operating temperature inside the tower and the pH value of the circulating liquid to ensure the survival environment of desulfurization microorganisms; Regularly check the oxygen supply fan and spray pipe nozzle to prevent nozzle blockage and insufficient gas-liquid contact; Timely discharge the sulfur slag sediment in the system to avoid compaction of the packing layer; Regularly calibrate online monitoring instruments to prevent distortion of oxygen content and hydrogen sulfide data. Many projects have experienced a decrease in desulfurization efficiency, mostly due to inadequate nutrient solution supply, oxygen imbalance, and delayed cleaning of sulfur residue accumulation, resulting in a decline in microbial community activity. During the system startup and debugging phase, patient cultivation of bacterial strains is required, and full load air intake should not be rushed.

综合来看，生物脱硫凭借运行成本低、危废产出少、处理负荷大的江南网站_江南online(中国) ，适配绝大多数大中型江南网站_江南online(中国)资源化项目。合理选型、做好日常运维，再按需搭配后端精脱硫工艺，既可以保护江南网站_江南online(中国)发电机组、输气管道，也能够降低项目长期运营开支，助力江南网站_江南online(中国)项目稳定实现资源化利用。

Overall, biological desulfurization is suitable for the vast majority of large and medium-sized biogas resource utilization projects due to its advantages of low operating costs, low hazardous waste output, and high treatment load. Reasonable selection, daily operation and maintenance, and matching with back-end fine desulfurization technology as needed can not only protect biogas generators and gas pipelines, but also reduce long-term operating expenses of the project, and help biogas projects achieve stable resource utilization.

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